LEC052043 Sneha Sunny , Mechanics of writing

 Academic writing depicts the formal way of writing which is followed by research scholars irrespective of the subject taken. The complex nature of the topic makes it necessary to frame sentences that are free from errors and grammatically correct. This strives the writer to follow the mechanics of writing. the mechanics of writing are as follows:

1) Full stop/ Period(.) - a) It is used after a full sentence.

                                 b) Do not put space before a full stop, put one after.

2) Comma(,) - a) It is used to separate items in a list. 

                      b) Used with certain conjunctions such as 'and', 'but', 'so', 'or'

                      c) To add non-essential information to a sentence.  

                           e.g. Apparently, he's been suffering from depression for several years.

3) Colon(:) -  It is used to add examples, explanation or details. 

                      e.g. Rapid urbanisation has led to multiple problems: congestion, air pollution and a                                          shortage of affordable housing for families.

4) Semicolon(;) - The ideas before and after a semicolon are connected.

                            e.g. He is so stubborn; it is impossible to convince him to change his ideas even a                                           little.

5) Apostrophe(') - a) It replaces a missing letter.

                            b) It shows possession.

                            c) It is used to make letters plural.

6) Hyphen(-) - a) It is used to make compound adjectives.

                       b) It is used to make compound words with numbers.

                      c) Used with certain prefixes such as ex-, self-, non- etc.

7) Dash(_) - They are of two types namely a) en dash have a space on either side of the dash ( _ ).

                                                                   b) em dash join onto the words before and after (_).

                  Both en dash and em dash are used to add extra information to the sentence.

8) Speech marks(" "/ ' ') - a)Double speech marks are used to quote what someone said.

                                        b) Single speech marks are used to express irony, sarcasm or scepticism and to                                               refer to words as words.

9) Parentheses( ) - a) Used to add extra non - essential information to a sentence.

                              b) Used while giving your reader, options to choose.

10) Question mark(?) - It is used at the end of a question.

11) Exclamation mark(!) - It adds emotion and emphasis to a sentence.

source: Oxford Online English(You Tube)


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